โAdi b. Hatim told that Godโs messenger said to him, โWhen you set off your dog mention God's name, and if it catches anything for you and you come up to it while it is still alive cut its throat; if you come up to it when the dog has killed it but not eaten any of it eat it; but if it has eaten any of it do not eat, for it has caught it only for itself. If you find another dog with yours and a kill has been made, do not eat, for you do not know which of them killed the animal. When you shoot your arrow mention Godโs name and if the game goes out of your sight for a day and you find in it only the mark of your arrow eat if you wish, but if you find it drowned in water do not eat.โ
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
He said he told Godโs messenger that he set off trained dogs, and he replied, โEat what they catch for you.โ He asked if that applied even if they killed the game, and he replied that it did. He told him that he shot featherless arrows (mi'rad)* and he replied, โEat what they pierce, but what they strike with the middle part and kill is beaten to death, so do not eat it.โ
*The mi'rad was thick in the middle and slender at the ends. It was liable to strike the animal with its middle part.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani told that he said, โProphet of God, we are in a land belonging to folk who are people of the Book, so may we eat out of their vessels? In a hunting region I hunt with my bow, my dog which is not trained and my dog which is trained, so what is right for me?โ He replied, โRegarding what you have mentioned about the vessels of the people of the Book, if you can get anything else do not eat out of them, but if you cannot, wash them and eat out of them. Eat what you catch with your bow when you have mentioned Godโs name; eat what you catch by your trained dog when you have mentioned Godโs name; and eat what you catch by your untrained dog when you are present at the kill.โ
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
He reported Godโs messenger as saying, โWhen you shoot your arrow and the animal goes out of your sight, eat it when you come upon it, provided it has not a stench.โ
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
He reported the Prophet as saying about one who comes three days later on the game he has shot, โEat it, provided it has not a stench.โ
Muslim transmitted it.
โA'isha told that some people said, โMessenger of God, there are people here, recent converts from polytheism, who bring us meat and we do not know whether or not they mention Godโs name over it.โ He replied, โMention Godโs name yourselves and eat.โ
Bukhari transmitted it.
Abut Tufail said โAli was asked whether Godโs messenger had given them* any instruction for themselves alone and replied that he had given them none which did not apply to all the people except what was in the scabbard of his sword. He then drew out a document containing, โGod curse him who kills an animal mentioning anyone other than God, and God curse him who steals a landmark!โ A version has, โwho changes a landmark; God curse him who curses his father; and God curse him who protects an innovator!โ
*i.e. the members of the Prophet's family.
Muslim transmitted it.
Rafiโ b. Khadij told that he said, โMessenger of God, we shall meet the enemy tomorrow and we have no knives; may we kill animals with canes?โ* He replied, โWhen Godโs name is mentioned you may eat what is killed by anything which causes the blood to flow, except tooth and claw. I shall tell you about it. The tooth is a bone and the claw is the knife of the Abyssinians.โ We got some camels and sheep as booty, and when one of the camels ran away a man shot an arrow at it and prevented it from escaping, whereupon Godโs messenger said, โAmong camels there are some which bolt like wild animals, so when any of them get the better of you do thus to them.โ
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Kaโb b. Malik told that he had sheep which were pastured at Salโ, and when a slavegirl of his saw one of their sheep which was dying she broke a stone and cut its throat with it. He questioned the Prophet and he ordered him to eat it.
Bukhari transmitted it.
Shaddad b. Aus reported Godโs messenger as saying, โGod who is blessed and exalted has decreed that everything should be done in a good way, so when you kill use a good method, and when you cut an animalโs throat you should use a good method, for each of you should sharpen his knife and give the animal as little pain as possible.โ
Muslim transmitted it.
Ibn โUmar told that he heard Godโs messenger prohibit keeping an animal or anything else* waiting to be killed.
*The word translated animal is bahima, which indicates a quadruped. โAnything elseโ means other creatures which are killed for food. The prohibition is said to refer either to keeping such animals without food and drink, or to imprisoning them and using them as targets.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
He reported the Prophet as saying when an ass which had been branded on its face passed him, โGod curse the one who branded it!โ
Muslim transmitted it.
Anas told that one morning he took โAbdallah b. Abu Talha to Godโs messenger for him to chew something and rub his palate with it,* and found him with a branding-iron in his hand branding the camels of the sadaqa.
*This was a custom for the purpose of acquiring a blessing for children.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Hisham b. Zaid quoted Anas as saying that he went to visit the Prophet when he was in an enclosure and saw him branding sheep. He thought he said it was on their ears.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
โAdi b. Hatim told that he said, โTell me, messenger of God; when one of us catches game and has no knife, may he cut its throat with a flint and a splinter of stick?โ He replied, โCause the blood to flow with whatever you take and mention Godโs name.โ
Abu Dawud and Nasaโi transmitted it.
Abul โUsharaโ* quoted his father as telling that he said, โIs the slaughtering to be done, messenger of God, only in the throat and the upper part of the breast?โ He replied, โIf you pierced its thigh that would serve you.โ
*He was Usama b. Malik b. Qahtam (or Qahtam). See Ibn *Abd al-Barr. Isti'ab, p. 246, No. 10S9.
Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Nasaโi, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it. Abu Dawud said this is the way to slaughter an animal which has fallen into a well, and Tirmidhi said it is in case of necessity.
โAdi b. Hatim reported the Prophet as saying, โEat whatever is caught for you by a dog or a hawk which you have trained and set off when you have mentioned Godโs name.โ He asked whether that applied if it killed the animal and he replied, โWhen it kills it without eating any of it, for it caught it only for you.โ
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
He told that he said, โMessenger of God, I shoot at game and find my arrow in it the next day.โ He replied, โWhen you know your arrow killed it and see no mark of a beast of prey on the animal you may eat it.โ
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani told that he said, โMessenger of God, we travel about and when we come to Jews, Christians and Magians we can get nothing but their vessels.โ He replied, โIf you can get nothing else, wash them with water and then eat and drink out of them.โ
Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Qabisa b. Hulb quoted his father as saying that he asked the Prophet about the food of the Christians, (a version saying it was a man who asked him), adding that it was a kind of food from which he kept aloof. He replied, โLet no doubt enter your breast by which you resemble Christianity.โ*
*The general sense is that such food is allowable.
Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Al-Irbad b. Sariya told that on the day of Khaibar God's messenger forbade every carnivorous beast which had a fang, every bird which had a claw, the flesh of domestic asses, the mujaththama, the khalisa, and sexual intercourse with pregnant wbmen till they have given birth to a child. Muhammad b. Yahya* said that Abu โAsim was asked about the mujaththama and said it meant a bird or something else being set up and shot at. He was asked about the khalisa and said it was an animal taken from a wolf or a beast of prey by a man who has caught up on it, but which dies in his hand before he can slaughter it.
*Tirmidhiโs immediate authority.
Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Ibn โAbbas and Abu Huraira said God's messenger forbade the devilโs sacrification. Ibn Isa* added that this refers to the slaughtered animal whose skin is cut off and is then left to die without its jugular veins being severed.
*Cf. Abu Dawud, Adahi, 17.
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Jabir reported the Prophet as saying, โThe slaughter of the embryo is included when its mother is slaughtered.โ
Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it, and Tirmidhi transmitted it on the authority of Abu Saโid.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri told th at they said, โMessenger of God, we cut the throat of a she-camel and slaughter a cow and a sheep and find an embryo in its womb. Shall we throw it away or eat it?โ He replied, โEat it if you wish, for its slaughter is included when its mother is slaughtered.โ
Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
โAbdallah b. โAmr b. al-โAs reported Godโs messenger as saying, โIf anyone kills a sparrow or anything greater wrongfully God will question him about killing it.โ On being asked what was the right way he replied, โTo cut its throat and eat it, but not to cut off its head and throw it away.โ
Ahmad, Nasaโi and Darimi transmitted it.
Abu Waqid al-Laithi told that when the Prophet came to Medina the people used to cut off camels' humps and cut the fat tails of sheep, so he said, โWhatever is cut off an animal when it is alive is dead* and must not be eaten.โ
*i.e. it is treated as something which had died a natural death, and therefore may not be lawfully eaten.
Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
โAtaโ b. Yasar was told by a man of the B. Haritha that when he was pasturing a pregnant she-camel in one of the ravines of Uhud he saw that it was about to die, and as he could find nothing with which to cut its throat he took a stake and stabbed it in the upper part of its breast till he made its blood flow. He then informed the Prophet and he ordered him to eat it.
Abu Dawud and Malik transmitted it. In his version he said he slaughtered it with a pointed piece of wood.
Jabir reported Godโs messenger as saying, โThere is no creature in the sea which God has not slaughtered for the sons of Adam.โ*
*A way of saying that fish are lawful food although they are not slaughtered.
Daraqutni transmitted it.
Ibn โUmar reported Godโs messenger as saying, "If anyone acquires a dog, except a sheepdog or one trained for hunting, two qirats will be deducted from his good deeds daily."
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Abu Huraira reported Godโs messenger as saying, "If anyone gets a dog, except a sheepdog or a hunting dog or a farm dog, a qirat of his reward will be deducted daily."
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Godโs messenger ordered us to kill dogs, and we were even killing a dog which a woman brought with her from the desert. Afterwards Godโs messenger forbade us to kill dogs, saying, "Confine yourselves to the type which is pure black and has two spots, for it is a devil."
Muslim transmitted it.
Abdallah b. Mughaffal reported the Prophet as saying, "Were dogs not a species of creature I should command that they all be killed; but kill every pure black one."
Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it. Tirmidhi and Nasa'i added, "No family attaches itself to a dog without a qirat of their good deeds being deducted daily, except in the case of a hunting dog, a farm dog, or a sheepdog.โ
Abu Qatada told that he saw a wild ass and killed it. The Prophet asked whether they had any of its flesh and when he replied that they had a leg he took it and ate it.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
We started a hare at Marr az-Zahran1 and when I caught it and brought it to Abu Talha he cut its throat and sent its haunch and two hindlegs to Godโs messenger, and he accepted it.
1. A wadi near Mecca.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Ibn Abbas said he was told by Khalid b. al-Walid that he went with Godโs messenger to visit Maimuna who was both his and Ibn 'Abbas's maternal aunt and found that she had a roasted lizard. She offered the lizard to God's messenger, and when he withdrew his hand from it Khalid asked him whether lizards were prohibited. He replaid, ''No; but there were none in the land of my people, and I find that I dislike them.'' Khalid said, ''I then chewed and ate it while Godโs messenger was looking at me."
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
I was on the expedition when the army had to beat leaves off trees for food and Abu โUbaida was placed in charge. We suffered severe hunger, and then the sea cast up a dead fish the like of which we had never seen before, called the spermaceti whale, and we ate of it for half a month. Abu โUbaida took one of its bones and a rider was able to pass under it. When we arrived and mentioned the matter to the Prophet he said, ''Eat a provision which God has brought forth for you, and give us some to eat if you have any." He said they sent some of it to Godโs messenger and he ate it.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Abu Huraira reported Godโs messsenger as saying, "When a fly alights in anyoneโs vessel he should plunge it all in and then throw it away, for in one of its wings there is a cure and in the other disease."
Bukhari transmitted it.
Maimuna said that when a mouse fell into some clarified butter and died God's messenger was asked about it and replied, "Throw it and what is round it away and eat what is left."
Bukhari transmitted it.
Ibn โUmar told of hearing the Prophet say, "Kill snakes, kill those which have two streaks and those with small tails, for they obliterate the eyesight and cause miscarriage." โAbdallah said that while he was chasing a snake and trying to kill it Abu Lubaba called to him not to kill it, but he replied that God's messenger had given command that snakes should be killed. He then said that he had later prohibited killing house-snakes, for they are resident jinn.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
We went in to visit Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, and while we were sitting we heard a movement under his couch. When we had looked and found a snake in it I jumped up to kill it, but Abu Sa'id who was engaged in prayer made a gesture to me indicating that I should sit down, so I sat down. When he finished he pointed to a room in the house and asked if I saw it, and when I said I did he told me that a servant of theirs who had recently been married had occupied it. They went out with Godโs messenger to the Trench, and that young man was asking permission from Godโs messenger to leave after staying half the day and would return to his wife. One day when he asked God's messengerโs permission he told him to carry his weapons with him as he feared Quraiza might do him harm. The man took his weapons and returned, and finding his wife standing between the two doors he was smitten with jealousy and made to pierce her with his lance, but she told him to put away his lance and enter the house to see what had made her come out. He entered and found a huge snake coiled on the bedding, so he made for it with the lance and pierced it with it and then went out and fixed it in the ground in the house, but the snake quivered and attacked him, and no one knew which of them died first, the snake or the young man. They went to God's messenger and mentioned that incident to him, asking him to supplicate God to restore him to life for them, but he replied, "Ask forgiveness for your friend." Then he said, "These houses have resident jinn, so when you see one of them give it a warning three times. 1 If it goes away, well and good; otherwise kill it, for it is an infidel.'' He then told them to go and bury their friend. A version reports him as saying, ''In Medina there are jinn who have accepted Islam, so when you see one of them pronounce a warning to it for three days and if it appears to you after that kill it, for it is only a devil."
1. Hiarrijiu โalaiha thalithan. The verb means to make things difficult. This phrase is explained as meaning that one should tell the snake three times that it will be in difficulties if it returns, and that it must not blame one if, after this warning, it is driven away and killed.
Muslim transmitted it.
Umm Sharik told that Godโs messenger ordered geckos to be killed, saying the gecko blew on Abraham.1
1. Al-Qurโan 21:68 speaks of Abraham being put into a fire. In this tradition it is said that the gecko blew on the fire to stir it up.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Abu Huraira reported God's messenger as saying, "If anyone kills a gecko with the first blow a hundred good deeds will be recorded for him, less if he kills it at the second and less still if he kills it at the third."
Muslim transmitted it.
He reported Godโs messenger as saying that when a prophet was stung by an ant he ordered a colony of ants to be burned, and God most high revealed to him, "Because an ant stung you you have burned a community which glorifies me."
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Abu Huraira reported Godโs messenger as saying, "When a mouse falls into clarified butter which, is solid throw the mouse and what is around it away; but if it is in a liquid state do not go near it."
Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it, and Darimi transmitted it on the authority of Ibn โAbbas.
Ibn โUmar told that God's messenger prohibited eating the animal which feeds on filth or drinking its milk.
Trimidhi transmitted it. In Abu Dawudโs version he said that he forbade riding the animal which feeds on filth.
Jabir said the Prophet forbade eating cats or what is paid for them. 1
1. This might be either what was paid in kind, or what was bought with money paid for them.
Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi transmitted it.
He said, referring to the day of Khaibar, that Godโs messenger declared domestic asses, the flesh of mules, every beast of prey with a fang and every bird with a talon to be unlawful.
Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a gharib tradition.
He said that he went with the Prophet to fight at the battle of Khaibar and the Jews came and complained that the people had hastened to take their green dates, 2 so Godโs messenger said, ''The property of those who have been given a covenant is not lawful except for the dues which are levied."
2. The reference is to dates which fall from the tree while still green.
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Ibn โUmar reported Godโs messenger as saying, "Two types of animals which have died a natural death and two types of blood have been made allowable to us, the two which die a natural death being the fish and the locust, and the two types of blood being the liver and the spleen."
Ahmad, Ibn Majah and Daraqutni transmitted it.
Abuz Zubair quoted Jabirโs authority for the statement that God's messenger said, "What the sea throws up and is left by the tide you may eat, but what dies in the sea and floats you must not eat."
Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it, but Muhyi as-Sunna said most people hold that it goes no farther back than Jabir.
Salman said the Prophet was asked about locusts and replied, "They are the most numerous of Godโs hosts. I neither eat them nor declare them unlawful."
Abu Dawud transmitted it, but Muhyi as-Sunna said it is weak.
Zaid b. Khalid said that Godโs messenger prohibited reviling a cock, saying that it is making the caH to prayer.
It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
'Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu Laila. said that Abu Laila reported Godโs messenger as saying, "When a snake appears in a dwelling say to it, โWe ask you by the covenant made with Noah and the covenant made with Solomon son of David not to harm us.โ Then if it comes back, kill it."
Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
โIkrima told on the authority of Ibn โAbbas, saying he was sure that he traced it back to the Prophet, that he used to order snakes to be killed and say, "He who leaves them alone fearing that one will come to take revenge does not belong to us."
It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Abu Huraira reported God's messenger as saying, "We have not made peace with them 1 since we fought with them, so he who leaves any of them alone through fear does not belong to us."
1. i.e. snakes.
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Ibn Mas'ud reported God's messenger as saying, "Kill all the snakes, and he who fears their revenge does not belong to me."
Abu Dawud and Nasa'i transmitted it.
Al-'Abbas said, "Messenger of God, we wish to sweep out Zamzam, but in it there are some of these jinnan," meaning small snakes; so Godโs messenger ordered that they should be killed.
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Ibn Mas'ud reported Godโs messenger as saying, "Kill all the snakes except the little white one which looks like a silver wand."
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Abu Huraira reported Godโs messenger as saying, "When a fly alights in the vessel of any of you plunge it in, for in one of its wings there is disease and in the other a cure; it puts forward the one containing the disease, so dip it all in."
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported the Prophet as saying, "When a fly alights on food plunge it in, for one of its wings contains poison and the other a cure, and it puts the poison first and the cure second."
It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Ibn โAbbas said that the people of pre-Islamic times used to eat some things and leave others alone, considering them unclean. Then God sent His Prophet and sent down His Book, marking some things lawful and others unlawful; so what He made lawful is lawful, what He made unlawful is unlawful, and what He said nothing about is allowable. And he recited, ''Say, I do not find in what is revealed to me anything forbidden to him who eats it, except carrion or blood..." 1
1. Qur'an, vi, 145.
Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Zahir al-Aslami said he was kindling fire under pots which contained asses' flesh when God's messenger's crier made an announcement to the effect that God's messenger prohibited asses' flesh to the people.
Bukhari transmitted it.
Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani traced to the Prophet the saying that the jinn are of three classes, one which have wings and fly in the air, one which consists of snakes and dogs, and one which stay in places and travel about.
It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Salman b. โAmir ad Dabbl told that he heard God's messenger say, โAlong with a boy there is an โaqiqa, so shed blood on his behalf and remove injury from him.โ*
*This is variously explained as shaving the hair of the infant, or removing the impurities with which it is defiled at birth, or even circumcision.
Bukhari transmitted it.
โAโisha told that boys used to be brought to Godโs messenger, and he would invoke blessings on them and soften some dates and rub their palates with them.
Muslim transmitted it.
Asmaโ daughter of Abu Bakr said she conceived โAbdallah b. azZubair in Mecca and gave birth to him in Qubaโ, then took him to Godโs messenger and placed him in his lap. He called for a date, chewed it and spat in his mouth, after which he rubbed his palate and then made supplication for him and invoked a blessing on him. He was the first child to be born in the Islamic period.
(Bukhari and Muslim.)
Umm Kurz told that she heard Godโs messenger say, โLet the birds stay in their roosts.โ* She told that she also heard him say, โTwo sheep are to be sacrificed for a boy and one for a girl, but it does you no harm whether they are male or female.โ
*Either that they are not to be molested, or that they are not to be disturbed for the purpose of taking omens.
Abu Dawud transmitted it. Tirmidhi and Nasaโi transmit it from โtwo sheepโ to the end, Tirmidhi saying this is a sahih tradition.
Al-Hasan quoted Samura who reported Godโs messenger as saying, "A boy is in pledge for his โaqiqa. Sacrifice is made for him on the seventh day, he is given a name and his head is shaved.โ
Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasaโi transmitted it, but the last two have โa pledgeโ for โin pledge.โ A version by Ahmad and Abu Dawud has โis smeared with bloodโ 1 in place of โis given a name.โ Abu Dawud says th at โis given a nameโ is sounder.
Muhammad b. โAll b. Husain quoted โAli b. Abu Talib as saying that Godโs messenger sacrificed a sheep on the seventh day for al-Hasan and said, โShave his head, Fatima, and give the weight of his hair in silver as sadaqa.โ So they weighed it and it amounted to a dirham or part of a dirham.
Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a hasan gharib tradition, but its isnad is not fully connected because Muhammad b. โAli b. Husain was not born in the time of โAli b. Abu Talib.
Ibn โAbbas told that Godโs messenger sacrificed a ram on the seventh day for both al-Hasan and al-Husain.
Abu Dawud transmitted it. Nasaโi says two rams each.
'Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father's authority, said his grandfather told that Godโs messenger was asked about the โaqiqa and replied, โGod does not like the breaking of ties (โuquq),โ as though he disliked the name. And he said, โIf anyone has a child born to him and wishes to offer a sacrifice on its behalf, he may offer two sheep for a boy and one for a girl.
Abu Dawud and Nasaโi transmitted it.
Abu Rafi' told th at he saw God's messenger uttering the call to prayer in the ear of al-Hasan b. โAli when Fatima gave birth to him.
Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a hasan sahih tradition.
When a boy was born to one of us in the pre-Islamic period he sacrificed a sheep and smeared his head with its blood; but when Islam came we sacrificed a sheep on the seventh day, shaved his head and smeared it with saffron.
Abu Dawud transmitted it, and Razin added, โand gave him his name.โ
